The Basis of Modern Training Process Periodization in High-Performance Athletes for Year Preparation

Lately the Olympic sport has been subject to considerable changes. It is rivalry at the Olympic arenas that has grown very much both in connection with professionalization – commercialization and with an intensive development of highly effective systems of sport in China, Japan, France, Australia and some other countries. Constant expansion of a sports competitions schedule, mainly at the expense of the commercial part, which is of special attraction for federations, athletes and coaches, significantly impeded the process of systematic athlete training for main competitions and increased a risk of injury and professional diseases. These changes in modern Olympic sport require serious efforts for further improvement of athlete training. The most important directions for the improvement of the system of athlete preparation are the following: – a sharp rise in volume of training and competitive activities; – overcoming of early sport specialization and high speed preparation in children-youth sport; – removal participation in a great number of competitions during a year from the 4-year Olympic cycles and yearly preparation; – development of methods aimed to extend a period of an athlete's successful performance at the final stages of a sportive career; – a sharp increase in volume of additional and particularly special training in a total volume of training work; – systematic analyses of functional preparedness, adaptation responses to training and competitive loads for the purpose of finding concealed functional reserves and ways of preparation efficiency increase, prevention of functional systems overstraining; – a strictly balanced system of training and competitive loads, rest, nutrition, means of rehabilitation, stimulation, work capacity and mobilization of functional reserves; – expansion of non-traditional means of preparation. Author’s Contribution